What Are the Trucking Laws in Arizona: State And Federal Guide
Arizona sits at the crossroads of major freight corridors connecting the West Coast, the Southwest, and the rest of the country. Because of that role, truck drivers, trucking companies, and motor carriers operating in the state are subject to a layered framework of state laws, federal trucking laws, and industry-specific regulations designed to protect public safety, drivers, and motorists sharing the roadway.
This guide explains what are the trucking laws in Arizona, how Arizona trucking laws interact with federal requirements, and what those rules mean for drivers, companies, and people injured in a truck accident. It also highlights practical compliance tips and real-world scenarios drawn from Arizona’s trucking industry.
Arizona State And Federal Overview
Defining the Scope of State Trucking Laws in Arizona
Arizona regulates commercial trucking through its traffic code, permitting systems, and safety enforcement agencies. These state laws govern issues such as speed limit restrictions, size and weight limits, trailer restrictions, fuel tax licensing, and permits for oversize or heavy loads on state highway and local roadway systems. Enforcement is handled by the Arizona Department of Transportation, often working alongside state troopers and roadside inspection teams.
Defining the Scope of Federal Trucking Laws
At the federal level, commercial trucking across the country is regulated primarily by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. These federal motor carrier safety rules apply to interstate commerce and set national standards for driver safety, hours of service, vehicle inspection, insurance, and hazardous cargo. Even intrastate drivers in Arizona must comply with many federal standards because Arizona has adopted large portions of the FMCSRs by reference.
Who Qualifies as a Truck Driver Under the Law
Under both state and federal laws, a “truck driver” generally means anyone operating a vehicle used in commerce that exceeds 26,001 pounds, transports hazardous materials, or carries passengers for hire. This includes employee drivers, owner operators, and some independent contractors. Drivers of large trucks, semi tractors, and combination trailers typically fall under these definitions.
Federal Trucking Laws Affecting Truck Drivers
Key FMCSR Provisions
The FMCSRs establish baseline safety standards for truckers nationwide. They address driver qualifications, long hours, drug and alcohol testing, maintenance, and accident reporting. Arizona enforces these rules for most commercial transportation activity.
Hours-of-Service Limits
Under federal law, a truck driver may drive a maximum of 11 hours within a 14-hour workday, followed by at least 10 consecutive hours off duty. Drivers must take a 30-minute break after 8 cumulative hours of driving. Weekly limits restrict drivers to 60 hours in 7 days or 70 hours in 8 days. Arizona applies these limits to prevent fatigue-related accident risks and protect safety.
Federal CDL Qualification Standards
Federal regulations require drivers of vehicles over 26,001 pounds to hold a valid Commercial Driver License. Drivers must be at least 21 for interstate driving and 18 for intrastate operations in Arizona state commerce. Completion of mandatory Entry-Level Driver Training and holding a Commercial Learner’s Permit for at least 14 days before skills testing are also required.
Federal Inspection and Drug Testing Rules
Annual inspections are required for commercial vehicles over 10,001 pounds or those carrying hazardous materials. Federal law also mandates pre-employment, random, and post-accident drug and alcohol screening for CDL holders. Failure to comply can result in serious violations for drivers and the company.
Arizona State Rules For Truck Drivers
Arizona Revised Statutes and Trucking Regulation
Arizona has incorporated many FMCSR standards while adding state-specific traffic rules. These rules appear throughout Title 28 of the Arizona Revised Statutes and apply to trucks operating on Arizona roadway systems.
State-Specific Speed Limit Rules
Under ARS 28-709, drivers of large commercial semi trucks must drive below 65 miles per hour on the roadway. Local jurisdictions may post lower limits based on traffic control signage. Exceeding the speed limit can lead to citations, points, and evidence of negligence in a truck accident claim.
Trailer Length Restrictions
Arizona law prohibits operating a semi trailer longer than 28 feet and six inches without special authorization under ARS 28-1095. These restrictions aim to reduce turning hazards and roadway conflicts.
Weight Limits on Arizona Highways
Arizona enforces a single axle limit of 20,000 pounds and a tandem axle limit of 34,000 pounds. The maximum gross weight for a 5-axle combination is 80,000 pounds unless a special permit is obtained.
Speed Limit And State Traffic Rules
ARS 28-709 Explained
ARS 28-709 requires certain commercial vehicles to operate at reduced speed limits to protect motorists. Violations may support claims of liability if a crash occurs.
Local Speed Variations and Signage
Cities and counties may post lower speed limit signs based on traffic volume, construction, or safety studies. Drivers must obey posted traffic signage at all times.
Penalties for Speed Violations
Speeding can result in fines, points, and increased scrutiny during roadside inspection. Repeated driver violations may lead to CDL suspension or employer discipline.
Trucking Company Obligations And Permits
Oversize and Overweight Permit Process
Oversize shipping and heavy loads require a permit from the Arizona Department of Transportation. The process involves route planning, fee payment, and compliance with escort and timing rules.
Liability Insurance Requirements
Trucking companies must carry minimum liability insurance based on the cargo hauled, particularly for hazardous materials. These policies protect the public and ensure funds are available for medical expenses, property damage, and other compensation after an accident.
Hazardous Materials Obligations
Drivers hauling hazardous cargo must have a TSA background check for their HME endorsement and follow strict labeling, routing, and reporting regulations.
Weight, Size, And Vehicle Maintenance
Axle, Width, and Height Limits
Without a permit, the maximum legal width is 8 feet 6 inches and the maximum height is 14 feet. Loading beyond these limits requires ADOT authorization.
Maintenance and Inspection Records
Arizona requires daily pre-trip inspections of critical components like brakes, tires, and lights. Annual inspections must be documented and available during roadside review.
Commercial Licensing And Truck Driver Qualification
CDL Classes and Endorsements
Arizona issues Class A, B, and C CDLs depending on vehicle type. Endorsements are required for tankers, passengers, and hazardous materials.
Medical Certification Requirements
A current DOT medical examiner’s certificate must be on file with the Arizona Department of Transportation. Drivers must carry proof of certification while operating.
Disqualification Rules
Serious violations, including DUI or drug offenses, can disqualify a driver and impact their ability to earn wages in the industry.
Workers Compensation And Injured Truck Drivers
Workers’ Compensation Basics in Arizona
Arizona requires trucking companies to carry workers compensation insurance for employees. This coverage pays medical expenses and a portion of lost wages for work-related injuries.
Independent Contractor Issues
Many owner operators are classified as independent contractors, which can complicate coverage. Misclassification disputes often arise after a serious truck accident.
When Other Claims May Apply
If another driver or company caused the crash, Arizona law may allow an injured trucker to pursue a personal injury claim in addition to workers’ compensation benefits.
Truck Accident Liability, Evidence, And Claims
Common Liable Parties
Liability may fall on the driver, the employer under vicarious duty, a maintenance provider, or a cargo loader. Failure to follow safety rules often plays a central role.
Collecting Post-Accident Evidence
Important evidence includes driver logs, ELD data, maintenance records, inspection reports, photographs of the wheel, loading configuration, and witness statements. Prompt report and evidence preservation are critical.
Statute of Limitations
Arizona limits the time to file injury claims. Delays can affect the ability to determine fault and recover compensation.
Investigating Truck Accident Causes
Reviewing Driver Logs and ELD Data
Logs help identify hours-of-service violations and fatigue from long hours.
Analyzing Maintenance and Inspection Records
Poor maintenance or skipped inspections can indicate non-compliance.
When To File A Claim After A Truck Accident
After a serious collision involving a large truck, injured motorists or drivers often document medical treatment and notify insurers. Some people also choose to speak with an attorney to better understand their legal rights. Additional informational resources about truck accident claims in the Phoenix area are available on our website. Consultations, if offered, are provided without obligation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the truck laws in Arizona?
They include both Arizona trucking laws and federal standards governing hours, licensing, weight, permits, and safety.
How many hours can a trucker legally drive a day?
Generally 11 hours within a 14-hour window, with mandatory breaks.
What is the biggest vehicle I can drive without a CDL?
Most vehicles under 26,001 pounds that do not carry hazardous materials.
Final Thoughts
Trucking in Arizona is heavily regulated to balance commerce with public safety. Truck drivers, trucking companies, and motorists all benefit when these rules are followed. When violations occur and someone is injured, understanding the legal framework can help individuals evaluate their options. This information is general in nature and not legal advice.
For those seeking additional information about legal options after a truck accident, Harris Injury Law offers initial consultations without charge. You may contact us at (480) 800-4878. A consultation does not create an attorney-client relationship.
